In the United States, a government shutdown occurs when the government cannot meet its financial obligations because Congress has not passed enough full-year appropriations bills or a Continuing Resolution (CR) to keep agencies and programs funded. During the 2018-2019 government shutdown, activities that protect human life and property — such as military operations at the Department of Defense — continued. However, other essential functions such as Food and Drug Administration inspections and processing of new Social Security cards were affected.
Each federal agency develops its own shutdown plan based on guidance from past shutdowns and coordinated by the Office of Management and Budget. Most activities cease and furloughs occur, though critical services like national security, law enforcement, and health care remain.
The most serious impacts of a shutdown affect the most vulnerable in society, including children, the elderly, low-income women and families, and people with disabilities. In addition, a prolonged shutdown can lead to loss of revenue for companies that depend on government contracts.
As a lawyer from New Zealand who studies politics and law in the United States, I think it is important for Congress and the President to recognize that the negative domestic impact of shutdowns goes beyond mere partisan games. At a time when the United States is competing in the global arena with its allies and adversaries, it’s vital to maintain a strong, stable and resilient domestic government that does not jeopardize America’s reputation as a leader of democracy and international stability.